Grade 1
  1. Numbers and Counting  1.1. Counting to 10  1.2. Counting to 20  1.3. Counting to 50  1.4. Counting to 100  1.5. Writing Numbers 1 to 10  1.6. Writing Numbers 1 to 20  1.7. Writing Numbers 1 to 50  1.8. Writing Numbers 1 to 100  1.9. Reading Numbers 1 to 10  1.10. Reading Numbers 1 to 20  1.11. Reading Numbers 1 to 50  1.12. Reading Numbers 1 to 100  1.13. Comparing Numbers  1.14. Ordering Numbers  1.15. Odd and Even Numbers  1.16. Number Patterns  1.17. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.18. Understanding Zero
  2. Basic Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Understanding Addition  2.2. Addition Facts within 10  2.3. Addition Facts within 20  2.4. Adding Zero  2.5. Adding One More  2.6. Adding Two More  2.7. Adding Three More  2.8. Adding Using Pictures  2.9. Addition Word Problems  2.10. Understanding Subtraction  2.11. Subtraction Facts within 10  2.12. Subtraction Facts within 20  2.13. Subtracting Zero  2.14. Subtracting One  2.15. Subtracting Two  2.16. Subtraction Using Pictures  2.17. Subtraction Word Problems  2.18. Introduction to Doubles Facts  2.19. Introduction to Making 10
  3. Place Value and Number Sense  3.1. Understanding Tens and Ones  3.2. Counting by Tens  3.3. Place Value within 20  3.4. Place Value within 50  3.5. Place Value within 100  3.6. Reading and Writing Two-Digit Numbers  3.7. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  3.8. Decomposing Numbers
  4. Measurement  4.1. Length  4.1.1. Comparing Lengths  4.1.2. Measuring with Non-Standard Units  4.1.3. Using Standard Units (Inches and Centimeters) in Length  4.2. Weight  4.2.1. Comparing Weights  4.2.2. Heavy and Light Objects  4.2.3. Introduction to Grams and Pounds  4.3. Capacity  4.3.1. Comparing Capacity  4.3.2. Full and Empty  4.3.3. Introduction to Liters and Milliliters  4.4. Time  4.4.1. Telling Time to the Hour  4.4.2. Telling Time to the Half Hour  4.4.3. Days of the Week  4.4.4. Months of the Year  4.4.5. Understanding Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow  4.5. Money  4.5.1. Recognizing Coins  4.5.2. Counting Coins  4.5.3. Introduction to Dollar and Cents Symbols  4.5.4. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money
  5. Geometry  5.1. 2D Shapes  5.1.1. Recognizing 2D Shapes  5.1.2. Drawing 2D Shapes  5.1.3. Naming 2D Shapes  5.1.4. Properties of 2D Shapes  5.1.5. Sorting 2D Shapes  5.1.6. Composing Simple Shapes  5.2. 3D Shapes  5.2.1. Recognizing 3D Shapes  5.2.2. Naming 3D Shapes  5.2.3. Properties of 3D Shapes  5.2.4. Sorting 3D Shapes  5.3. Position and Direction  5.3.1. Left and Right  5.3.2. Above and Below  5.3.3. Inside and Outside  5.3.4. Near and Far  5.3.5. In Front and Behind
  6. Patterns and Sorting  6.1. Recognizing Patterns  6.2. Extending Patterns  6.3. Creating Patterns  6.4. Sorting by Color  6.5. Sorting by Shape  6.6. Sorting by Size
  7. Data and Graphing  7.1. Introduction to Data  7.2. Collecting Data  7.3. Tally Marks  7.4. Bar Graphs  7.5. Picture Graphs  7.6. Interpreting Simple Graphs
  8. Fractions  8.1. Understanding Halves  8.2. Understanding Fourths  8.3. Dividing Shapes into Equal Parts  8.4. Identifying Equal and Unequal Parts

Grade 1 ↓


Fractions


Fractions represent parts of a whole. They are a way of showing numbers that are not whole numbers. When we talk about fractions, we are dividing things into equal parts. This introduction to fractions will help grade 1 children understand using simple examples and pictures.

Basic concepts of fractions

A fraction has two numbers: a top number and a bottom number, separated by a line. The fraction looks like this:

1 ─ 2

Here, the number 1 is called the “numerator”, and the number 2 is called the “denominator”. Let’s understand what these two parts mean:

  • Numerator: This is the top part of the fraction. It tells us how many parts we have.
  • Denominator: This is the bottom part of the fraction. It tells us how many equal parts the whole is divided into.

So when we see the fraction 1/2, it means that we have one of two equal parts of a whole.

Explore with examples

Let's look at some examples to understand fractions better:

Example 1: Half of a shape

Imagine a circle divided into two equal parts. If we shade a part of the circle, we will get one of the two parts shaded. This can be written as a fraction:

1 ─ 2

Example 2: One third of a square

Think of a square that is divided into three equal parts. If we color one part of the square, we get one of the three parts. It is written like this:

1 ─ 3

Example 3: Quarter

When we divide a whole into four equal parts, each part is called a quarter. Let us consider a rectangle where one of the four parts is shaded:

1 ─ 4

Understanding fractions with real life examples

Fractions are everywhere in real life, and it's important for children to recognize them. Let's consider some situations:

Sharing chocolates

Imagine you have a chocolate bar and you want to share it equally with your friend. You cut the chocolate bar into two equal pieces and give one to your friend. You both have:

1 ─ 2

This means that each of you will get half of the chocolate bar.

Eating pizza

Think of a pizza cut into four equal slices. If you eat one slice, you're eating one portion of four, which is:

1 ─ 4

Of pizza.

Watering the garden

If you have four plants and enough water to distribute equally between them, and you water each plant, and each:

1 ─ 4

Of water.

Comparing fractions with the same denominators

When fractions have the same denominator, it's easy to figure out which fraction is bigger or smaller by looking at the numerators. This is how it works:

Example 1: Comparing fractions

If we have:

1 ─ 2 and 3 ─ 2

We can see that 3/2 is greater than 1/2 because 3 is greater than 1.

Adding fractions with the same denominators

While adding fractions with like denominators, we add only the numerators and keep the denominators the same.

Example 2: Adding fractions

If we have these two fractions:

1 ─ 4 + 1 ─ 4

We add the numerators: 1 + 1, which gives us 2. The denominator remains the same:

2 ─ 4

This can be further simplified 1/2, since 2 divided by 4 gives 1, and 2 divided by 1 gives 1.

Practicing fractions

Let's practice identifying fractions and using them in simple ways. This will help us get familiar with the concept of parts of a whole.

Practice problem 1

A cake is divided into six equal pieces. If you eat two pieces, how much of the cake did you eat?

Think about this:

2 ─ 6

You can simplify 2/6 to 1/3 because if you divide both the numerator and denominator by 2, you get 1/3.

Practice problem 2

Your friend has a box of 12 crayons. If you borrow 3 crayons, how many crayons did you borrow?

Think about this:

3 ─ 12

This can be simplified to 1/4 by dividing both the top and bottom by 3.

Why learning fractions is important

Learning fractions helps us in many ways in everyday life. We use fractions when cooking, dividing chores, telling time, and even looking at money.

Cooking

Recipes often call for smaller measurements, such as half a cup of milk or a quarter teaspoon of salt.

Divide fairly

Understanding fractions allows us to divide things equally. For example, if you have a chocolate bar cut into 5 pieces, and you give yourself 2 pieces, you have:

2 ─ 5

Of chocolate.

Conclusion

Learning about fractions is important for understanding how numbers can represent parts of a whole. By practicing with fractions, children will develop a strong foundation in math that will be useful throughout their schooling and beyond.

Now, you have learned the basics of fractions with numbers, shapes, and real-life examples. With practice, you will find that working with fractions becomes an exciting and easy process. Keep exploring, and enjoy learning about fractions!


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Fractions

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