Grade 1
  1. Numbers and Counting  1.1. Counting to 10  1.2. Counting to 20  1.3. Counting to 50  1.4. Counting to 100  1.5. Writing Numbers 1 to 10  1.6. Writing Numbers 1 to 20  1.7. Writing Numbers 1 to 50  1.8. Writing Numbers 1 to 100  1.9. Reading Numbers 1 to 10  1.10. Reading Numbers 1 to 20  1.11. Reading Numbers 1 to 50  1.12. Reading Numbers 1 to 100  1.13. Comparing Numbers  1.14. Ordering Numbers  1.15. Odd and Even Numbers  1.16. Number Patterns  1.17. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.18. Understanding Zero
  2. Basic Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Understanding Addition  2.2. Addition Facts within 10  2.3. Addition Facts within 20  2.4. Adding Zero  2.5. Adding One More  2.6. Adding Two More  2.7. Adding Three More  2.8. Adding Using Pictures  2.9. Addition Word Problems  2.10. Understanding Subtraction  2.11. Subtraction Facts within 10  2.12. Subtraction Facts within 20  2.13. Subtracting Zero  2.14. Subtracting One  2.15. Subtracting Two  2.16. Subtraction Using Pictures  2.17. Subtraction Word Problems  2.18. Introduction to Doubles Facts  2.19. Introduction to Making 10
  3. Place Value and Number Sense  3.1. Understanding Tens and Ones  3.2. Counting by Tens  3.3. Place Value within 20  3.4. Place Value within 50  3.5. Place Value within 100  3.6. Reading and Writing Two-Digit Numbers  3.7. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  3.8. Decomposing Numbers
  4. Measurement  4.1. Length  4.1.1. Comparing Lengths  4.1.2. Measuring with Non-Standard Units  4.1.3. Using Standard Units (Inches and Centimeters) in Length  4.2. Weight  4.2.1. Comparing Weights  4.2.2. Heavy and Light Objects  4.2.3. Introduction to Grams and Pounds  4.3. Capacity  4.3.1. Comparing Capacity  4.3.2. Full and Empty  4.3.3. Introduction to Liters and Milliliters  4.4. Time  4.4.1. Telling Time to the Hour  4.4.2. Telling Time to the Half Hour  4.4.3. Days of the Week  4.4.4. Months of the Year  4.4.5. Understanding Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow  4.5. Money  4.5.1. Recognizing Coins  4.5.2. Counting Coins  4.5.3. Introduction to Dollar and Cents Symbols  4.5.4. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money
  5. Geometry  5.1. 2D Shapes  5.1.1. Recognizing 2D Shapes  5.1.2. Drawing 2D Shapes  5.1.3. Naming 2D Shapes  5.1.4. Properties of 2D Shapes  5.1.5. Sorting 2D Shapes  5.1.6. Composing Simple Shapes  5.2. 3D Shapes  5.2.1. Recognizing 3D Shapes  5.2.2. Naming 3D Shapes  5.2.3. Properties of 3D Shapes  5.2.4. Sorting 3D Shapes  5.3. Position and Direction  5.3.1. Left and Right  5.3.2. Above and Below  5.3.3. Inside and Outside  5.3.4. Near and Far  5.3.5. In Front and Behind
  6. Patterns and Sorting  6.1. Recognizing Patterns  6.2. Extending Patterns  6.3. Creating Patterns  6.4. Sorting by Color  6.5. Sorting by Shape  6.6. Sorting by Size
  7. Data and Graphing  7.1. Introduction to Data  7.2. Collecting Data  7.3. Tally Marks  7.4. Bar Graphs  7.5. Picture Graphs  7.6. Interpreting Simple Graphs
  8. Fractions  8.1. Understanding Halves  8.2. Understanding Fourths  8.3. Dividing Shapes into Equal Parts  8.4. Identifying Equal and Unequal Parts

Grade 1 → Geometry → 2D Shapes ↓


Naming 2D Shapes


Understanding and naming 2D shapes is an essential part of learning geometry, especially for beginners. In this lesson, we will learn about different 2D shapes, how to identify them, and the properties that make them unique. Each shape has its own characteristics that make it easier to identify and name.

What are 2D shapes?

2D shapes, also called two-dimensional shapes, are flat shapes that have only two dimensions: length and width. They don't have depth, which means they don't appear to us in the physical world. Imagine a piece of paper: it's similar to how 2D shapes exist. You can draw them on paper, and you can see them drawn with chalk on the sidewalk.

Here are some simple examples of what 2D shapes look like:

Square: ___________ 
|               |
|               |
|               |
|___________|

Triangle:    /
            /  
           /____ 

Circle:    _______
          /       
         |         |
          _______/

Basic 2D shapes

Circle

A circle is a circular figure that has no corners or edges. It is defined by having all points on the boundary equidistant from its center. A circle has only one side.

Example: A round dinner plate is shaped like a circle.

Square

A square is a shape that has four equal sides and four right angles (90 degrees). All its sides are of equal length.

Example: A chessboard has black and white squares arranged in rows.

Rectangle

A rectangle is similar to a square, but its opposite sides are equal in length. It also has four right angles.

Example: Most doors and windows are rectangular in shape.

Triangle

A triangle has three sides and three angles. The sum of the angles of a triangle is always 180 degrees. There are many types of triangles, such as:

  • Equilateral triangle: All sides and angles are equal.
  • Isosceles triangle: Two sides are equal, and two angles are equal.
  • Scalene triangle: All sides and angles are different.
  • Right-angled triangle: Its angle is 90 degrees.

Example: The "Yield" sign on the road is a triangle.

Oval

The oval looks like a stretched or elongated circle. It has no corners, just like a circle.

Example: Many mirrors and table tennis balls are oval in shape.

Pentagon

A pentagon is a five-sided shape. If all sides and angles are equal, it is called a regular pentagon. In a regular pentagon, each interior angle is 108 degrees.

Example: Some home plate bases in baseball fields have a pentagonal shape design.

Hexagon

A hexagon is a six-sided shape. If all sides and angles are equal, it is called a regular hexagon. Each interior angle in a regular hexagon is 120 degrees.

Example: Bee hives often have hexagonal shaped cells.

Heptagon

A heptagon has seven sides. Like other polygons, if a heptagon has equal sides and angles, it is called a regular heptagon. A polygon needs at least seven sides to be a heptagon.

Example: One can think of a seven-sided coin as having a heptagon shape.

Octagon

An octagon is an eight-sided shape. In a regular octagon, all sides are the same length and all angles are equal, with each angle being 135 degrees.

Example: A stop sign on a roadway is octagonal in shape.

Recognizing 2D shapes in the world

2D shapes appear everywhere around us, from common household objects to structures and from art to nature. Recognizing these shapes can help us understand the world better. For example, when children play with blocks, they often use blocks of different shapes, such as squares, rectangles, and triangles, to build structures.

Here are some places where 2D shapes might appear:

  • Circles: clock faces, wheels, coins, compact discs (CDs) and rings.
  • Square: Chessboard, floor tiles, and napkins.
  • Rectangles: Computer screens, picture frames, and book covers.
  • Triangles: Roofs of houses, sails of boats, and slices of pizza.
  • Oval: Mirrors, eggs, and rugby balls.
  • Pentagon: Some sections on football or court layouts.
  • Hexagons: The tops of nuts and bolts, the structure of a beehive, and some patterns in carpets.
  • Octagon: Tiles with artistic patterns or road markings such as stop signs.

Educational activities for naming 2D shapes

Learning about 2D shapes can be interactive and fun. Engaging activities, such as matching games or drawing challenges, can enhance understanding and recognition of different shapes. Here are some educational activities you can use to teach and reinforce naming 2D shapes:

Shape hunt

Organise a shape search in which children walk around different environments, such as the house or park, and look for objects that resemble different 2D shapes. They can take pictures or draw pictures so they can track what shapes they find.

Drawing games

Encourage children to draw 2D shapes using pencil or chalk. When they draw a shape, ask them to count the number of sides and angles and name the shapes in their local language and in English.

Sorting shapes game

Use cut-outs of different shapes and ask children to group them based on similar characteristics, such as the number of sides or whether they have angles.

Shape collage

Make a collage out of cutouts of 2D shapes from coloured paper. Children can arrange the shapes to form a picture, such as a house or a sun and clouds around it. They can further describe each shape they used.

Story shapes

Ask children to tell a story using 2D shapes as characters. For example, "Once upon a time, there was a lonely triangle who met a friendly circle." This activity will help strengthen their understanding of shapes.

Conclusion

In short, naming and understanding 2D shapes is a fundamental concept in geometry that helps children identify and classify the world around them. Through visual teaching and hands-on exercises, children understand basic shapes like circles, squares, rectangles, and triangles and expand their knowledge of more complex shapes like pentagons, hexagons, and octagons. With practice, recognizing and naming these shapes becomes second nature. Overall, learning about 2D shapes builds basic math skills that are necessary for more advanced learning.


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Naming 2D Shapes

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