Grade 1
  1. Numbers and Counting  1.1. Counting to 10  1.2. Counting to 20  1.3. Counting to 50  1.4. Counting to 100  1.5. Writing Numbers 1 to 10  1.6. Writing Numbers 1 to 20  1.7. Writing Numbers 1 to 50  1.8. Writing Numbers 1 to 100  1.9. Reading Numbers 1 to 10  1.10. Reading Numbers 1 to 20  1.11. Reading Numbers 1 to 50  1.12. Reading Numbers 1 to 100  1.13. Comparing Numbers  1.14. Ordering Numbers  1.15. Odd and Even Numbers  1.16. Number Patterns  1.17. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.18. Understanding Zero
  2. Basic Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Understanding Addition  2.2. Addition Facts within 10  2.3. Addition Facts within 20  2.4. Adding Zero  2.5. Adding One More  2.6. Adding Two More  2.7. Adding Three More  2.8. Adding Using Pictures  2.9. Addition Word Problems  2.10. Understanding Subtraction  2.11. Subtraction Facts within 10  2.12. Subtraction Facts within 20  2.13. Subtracting Zero  2.14. Subtracting One  2.15. Subtracting Two  2.16. Subtraction Using Pictures  2.17. Subtraction Word Problems  2.18. Introduction to Doubles Facts  2.19. Introduction to Making 10
  3. Place Value and Number Sense  3.1. Understanding Tens and Ones  3.2. Counting by Tens  3.3. Place Value within 20  3.4. Place Value within 50  3.5. Place Value within 100  3.6. Reading and Writing Two-Digit Numbers  3.7. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  3.8. Decomposing Numbers
  4. Measurement  4.1. Length  4.1.1. Comparing Lengths  4.1.2. Measuring with Non-Standard Units  4.1.3. Using Standard Units (Inches and Centimeters) in Length  4.2. Weight  4.2.1. Comparing Weights  4.2.2. Heavy and Light Objects  4.2.3. Introduction to Grams and Pounds  4.3. Capacity  4.3.1. Comparing Capacity  4.3.2. Full and Empty  4.3.3. Introduction to Liters and Milliliters  4.4. Time  4.4.1. Telling Time to the Hour  4.4.2. Telling Time to the Half Hour  4.4.3. Days of the Week  4.4.4. Months of the Year  4.4.5. Understanding Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow  4.5. Money  4.5.1. Recognizing Coins  4.5.2. Counting Coins  4.5.3. Introduction to Dollar and Cents Symbols  4.5.4. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money
  5. Geometry  5.1. 2D Shapes  5.1.1. Recognizing 2D Shapes  5.1.2. Drawing 2D Shapes  5.1.3. Naming 2D Shapes  5.1.4. Properties of 2D Shapes  5.1.5. Sorting 2D Shapes  5.1.6. Composing Simple Shapes  5.2. 3D Shapes  5.2.1. Recognizing 3D Shapes  5.2.2. Naming 3D Shapes  5.2.3. Properties of 3D Shapes  5.2.4. Sorting 3D Shapes  5.3. Position and Direction  5.3.1. Left and Right  5.3.2. Above and Below  5.3.3. Inside and Outside  5.3.4. Near and Far  5.3.5. In Front and Behind
  6. Patterns and Sorting  6.1. Recognizing Patterns  6.2. Extending Patterns  6.3. Creating Patterns  6.4. Sorting by Color  6.5. Sorting by Shape  6.6. Sorting by Size
  7. Data and Graphing  7.1. Introduction to Data  7.2. Collecting Data  7.3. Tally Marks  7.4. Bar Graphs  7.5. Picture Graphs  7.6. Interpreting Simple Graphs
  8. Fractions  8.1. Understanding Halves  8.2. Understanding Fourths  8.3. Dividing Shapes into Equal Parts  8.4. Identifying Equal and Unequal Parts

Grade 1 ↓


Geometry


Welcome to the world of geometry! Here, we will explore shapes, sizes, space and directions. Geometry is all around us, from books to buildings, from your toy box to the sky-high skyscrapers. It is present in everyday objects and the surrounding environment. Let us take a deep look at the basic elements of geometry that are taught in Class 1.

What is geometry?

Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of points, lines, surfaces, solids, and higher dimensional analogs. In simple terms, it is about the study of shapes and their properties. In Grade 1, we focus on the very basics: different shapes and their names, size, space between them, and how they relate to each other.

Basic shapes

In Grade 1, we begin learning about basic shapes. These shapes are the foundation of geometry. The most common shapes we learn in Grade 1 include:

  • circle
  • square
  • rectangle
  • triangle
  • oval

Circle

A circle is a round shape. All points on the surface of a circle are equidistant from its center. It has no edges or corners. You can find circles in bicycle wheels, watch faces, or round plates.

Circle properties: - No corners - No edges
circle

Square

A square is a four-sided shape in which all sides are the same length, and every angle is a right angle (90 degrees). Squares can be seen in things like chessboards, window panes, or square pieces of paper.

Square properties: - 4 equal sides - 4 corners (right angles)
square

Rectangle

Rectangles are similar to squares, but two opposite sides are longer than the other pair of sides. All angles in a rectangle are right angles. Look at doors, books or smartphones - they are often rectangular.

Rectangle properties: - Opposite sides are equal - 4 corners (right angles)
rectangle

Triangle

A triangle is a shape with three sides. It has three corners. Triangles are very versatile and can look very different from each other. Traffic signs, pizza slices, and pyramids are just a few examples of shapes that involve triangles.

Triangle properties: - 3 sides - 3 corners
triangle

Oval

Ovals are long circles and look similar to eggs. Ovals have no corners. You can see ovals in many playgrounds, such as racetracks, egg-shaped or even in some mirrors.

Oval properties: - No corners - No straight sides
oval

Learning directions and positions

Understanding directions and positions is also part of grade 1 geometry. It helps describe where shapes are found or placed relative to each other. It includes the following terms:

  • top and bottom
  • left and right
  • up and down
  • back and forth

Examples of guidelines and situations

Circle over rectangle:

rectangle circle

Square to the left of the triangle:

square triangle

Comparing and sorting shapes

Sorting and comparing are important for recognizing patterns and arranging things logically. We often sort shapes based on their characteristics, such as:

  • Number of sides
  • Number of corners
  • same or different size

Example of sorting

Sort the following figures according to the number of sides:

circle square triangle

Sort the results:
1. Circle - no sides
2. Triangle - three sides
3. Square - four sides

Understanding size: big and small

Another part of learning geometry is understanding the size of objects. In grade 1, this simply means identifying whether an object is large or small. Comparing sizes is essential in learning basic measurement concepts.

Example of size comparison

Look at the two circles given below and identify which one is bigger and which one is smaller.

Small Circle Big Circle

The circle on the left is smaller, while the circle on the right is larger.

Symmetry in shapes

Symmetry occurs when one half of a shape is a mirror image of the other half. Symmetrical shapes look balanced and similar from different sides. Common objects that display symmetry include butterflies, human faces, which are symmetrical, and some buildings such as old castles and churches.

Example of symmetry

The vertical line through the middle of this heart shape shows that both sides are exactly the same:

Line of symmetry

Here, the shape of the heart is symmetrical around the vertical line, which divides it into two equal parts.

Pattern recognition

Patterns are sequences that repeat in a logical way. Recognizing and understanding patterns is important in early math education. Patterns help us predict what is going to happen next, which is important for problem-solving skills.

Example of pattern recognition

Look at this sequence of shapes and determine what comes next:

square circle square circle

The pattern is: square, circle, square, circle. Therefore, the next shape in the sequence must be a square.

Completion of geometry

In short, geometry in Class 1 begins with simple shapes and their properties. Children are taught to identify and name basic shapes, understand spatial awareness through directions and positions, compare and sort shapes based on various characteristics, understand concepts of shape and symmetry, and develop pattern recognition. This fundamental stage lays the ground for more complex mathematical concepts that they will encounter in later classes.

Understanding geometry not only helps with math but also enriches problem-solving skills and encourages logical thinking. Keep exploring and observing the world of shapes and spaces around you, and you'll see that geometry is a fascinating and integral part of everyday life!


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Geometry

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