Grade 1
  1. Numbers and Counting  1.1. Counting to 10  1.2. Counting to 20  1.3. Counting to 50  1.4. Counting to 100  1.5. Writing Numbers 1 to 10  1.6. Writing Numbers 1 to 20  1.7. Writing Numbers 1 to 50  1.8. Writing Numbers 1 to 100  1.9. Reading Numbers 1 to 10  1.10. Reading Numbers 1 to 20  1.11. Reading Numbers 1 to 50  1.12. Reading Numbers 1 to 100  1.13. Comparing Numbers  1.14. Ordering Numbers  1.15. Odd and Even Numbers  1.16. Number Patterns  1.17. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.18. Understanding Zero
  2. Basic Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Understanding Addition  2.2. Addition Facts within 10  2.3. Addition Facts within 20  2.4. Adding Zero  2.5. Adding One More  2.6. Adding Two More  2.7. Adding Three More  2.8. Adding Using Pictures  2.9. Addition Word Problems  2.10. Understanding Subtraction  2.11. Subtraction Facts within 10  2.12. Subtraction Facts within 20  2.13. Subtracting Zero  2.14. Subtracting One  2.15. Subtracting Two  2.16. Subtraction Using Pictures  2.17. Subtraction Word Problems  2.18. Introduction to Doubles Facts  2.19. Introduction to Making 10
  3. Place Value and Number Sense  3.1. Understanding Tens and Ones  3.2. Counting by Tens  3.3. Place Value within 20  3.4. Place Value within 50  3.5. Place Value within 100  3.6. Reading and Writing Two-Digit Numbers  3.7. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  3.8. Decomposing Numbers
  4. Measurement  4.1. Length  4.1.1. Comparing Lengths  4.1.2. Measuring with Non-Standard Units  4.1.3. Using Standard Units (Inches and Centimeters) in Length  4.2. Weight  4.2.1. Comparing Weights  4.2.2. Heavy and Light Objects  4.2.3. Introduction to Grams and Pounds  4.3. Capacity  4.3.1. Comparing Capacity  4.3.2. Full and Empty  4.3.3. Introduction to Liters and Milliliters  4.4. Time  4.4.1. Telling Time to the Hour  4.4.2. Telling Time to the Half Hour  4.4.3. Days of the Week  4.4.4. Months of the Year  4.4.5. Understanding Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow  4.5. Money  4.5.1. Recognizing Coins  4.5.2. Counting Coins  4.5.3. Introduction to Dollar and Cents Symbols  4.5.4. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money
  5. Geometry  5.1. 2D Shapes  5.1.1. Recognizing 2D Shapes  5.1.2. Drawing 2D Shapes  5.1.3. Naming 2D Shapes  5.1.4. Properties of 2D Shapes  5.1.5. Sorting 2D Shapes  5.1.6. Composing Simple Shapes  5.2. 3D Shapes  5.2.1. Recognizing 3D Shapes  5.2.2. Naming 3D Shapes  5.2.3. Properties of 3D Shapes  5.2.4. Sorting 3D Shapes  5.3. Position and Direction  5.3.1. Left and Right  5.3.2. Above and Below  5.3.3. Inside and Outside  5.3.4. Near and Far  5.3.5. In Front and Behind
  6. Patterns and Sorting  6.1. Recognizing Patterns  6.2. Extending Patterns  6.3. Creating Patterns  6.4. Sorting by Color  6.5. Sorting by Shape  6.6. Sorting by Size
  7. Data and Graphing  7.1. Introduction to Data  7.2. Collecting Data  7.3. Tally Marks  7.4. Bar Graphs  7.5. Picture Graphs  7.6. Interpreting Simple Graphs
  8. Fractions  8.1. Understanding Halves  8.2. Understanding Fourths  8.3. Dividing Shapes into Equal Parts  8.4. Identifying Equal and Unequal Parts

Grade 1 ↓


Basic Addition and Subtraction


Basic addition and subtraction are fundamental math skills introduced in Grade 1. These concepts lay the foundation for all other math lessons in the years to come. In this lesson, we will explore these topics in detail, using simple explanations and visual examples to make them easier to understand.

What is addition?

Addition is the process of bringing two or more numbers together to form a new sum. When we add, we combine quantities to get a larger number.

Addition using numbers

Let's look at a simple addition problem:

Imagine you have 3 apples and your friend gives you 2 more. How many apples do you have now?

To find this, we add the two numbers, 3 and 2:

3 + 2

The result is 5 So, now you have 5 apples.

Visual example of addition

+ = 5 apples

In the example above, each circle represents an apple. By combining the circles, you can visually see the sum of the apples.

What is subtraction?

Subtraction is the process of subtracting one number from another. It is the opposite of addition. When we subtract, we make a total smaller by taking one quantity away from it.

Subtracting using numbers

Let's look at a simple subtraction problem:

Suppose you have 5 oranges and you eat 2 of them then how many oranges will you be left with?

We subtract 2 from the number 5 to find the answer:

5 - 2

The result is 3 So, now you have 3 oranges left.

Visual example of subtraction

– 2 oranges = 3 oranges

In the above example, we initially have 5 oranges and subtract 2 from them. The two lines represent the oranges that we have subtracted, and we are left with 3.

Why are addition and subtraction important?

Addition and subtraction are used more in everyday life than you might think. These are basic operations that help us solve problems such as

  • Counting money when shopping
  • Measuring ingredients for a recipe
  • Count how many toys you have

Understanding these concepts is essential for more advanced math topics like multiplication and division, which we will learn about in upcoming classes.

Methods for learning addition and subtraction

There are several methods to help you understand and master these skills:

Counting objects

The easiest way to understand addition and subtraction is to use physical objects. You can make learning fun by using something you have at home, such as toys or blocks.

To learn addition:
1. Start with a known number of objects (e.g., 2 blocks).
2. Add more objects to the group (for example, add 3 more blocks).
3. Count all the objects to find the total number (2 + 3 = 5 blocks).

To learn subtraction:
1. Start with a known number of objects (e.g., 5 blocks).
2. Remove some objects from the group (e.g., remove 2 blocks).
3. Count the remaining objects to find the total number (5 - 2 = 3 blocks).

Number line

The number line is another tool that can help with addition and subtraction. It is a visual representation of numbers on a straight line.

To add using the number line:
1. Start with the first number (e.g., 3).
2. Move to the right on the number line by the second number (for example, move forward 2 places for number 2).
3. The number you get will be the total (3 + 2 = 5).

Subtraction using number line:
1. Start with the first number (e.g., 5).
2. Move left on the number line by the second number (for example, move forward 2 places for number 2).
3. The number you get will be the total (5 - 2 = 3).
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

The number line above shows examples of both addition and subtraction. The red color represents moving to the right for addition (3 + 2 = 5), and the blue color represents moving to the left for subtraction (5 - 2 = 3).

Examples of simple addition

Let's practice some simple addition problems:

Example 1: 4 + 1 = ?
Think: If you have 4 candies and you find 1 more candy, you have 5 candies.
So, 4 + 1 = 5

Example 2: 2 + 3 = ?
Think: If you have 2 balloons and your friend gives you 3 balloons, you will have 5 balloons.
So, 2 + 3 = 5

Example 3: 0 + 5 = ?
Think about this: If you have no apples and someone gives you 5 apples, you will also have 5 apples.
So, 0 + 5 = 5

Simple subtraction example

Let's practice some simple subtraction problems:

Example 1: 5 - 1 = ?
Think: If you have 5 cookies and you eat 1 cookie, you are left with 4 cookies.
So, 5 – 1 = 4

Example 2: 3 - 2 = ?
Think: If you have 3 pencils and you give 2 to your friend, you are left with 1 pencil.
So, 3 – 2 = 1

Example 3: 6 - 0 = ?
Think about it: If you have 6 marbles and you don't lose any, you will still have 6 marbles.
So, 6 – 0 = 6

Fun exercises with addition and subtraction

Practicing math can be fun! Here are some activities to help you strengthen your skills:

Play with dice

Roll a pair of dice. Add or subtract the numbers that appear above. This is a fun way to practice with family and friends.

Create a math story

Use your favorite toys or objects to make up a story. How many do you start with, and how many are added or subtracted? Write down a mathematical equation that matches your story.

Math Bingo

Create a bingo card with the answers to math problems. Call out addition or subtraction problems, and mark the correct answers on your card. The first person to get five in a row wins!

Conclusion

Understanding basic addition and subtraction is an important step in learning math. These skills are used in many different situations every day. By practicing with objects, using number lines, and playing fun games, you can gain confidence in your ability to perform addition and subtraction. As you grow older, these fundamental concepts will help you solve more complex problems and provide a strong foundation in math.


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Basic Addition and Subtraction

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