Grade 1
  1. Numbers and Counting  1.1. Counting to 10  1.2. Counting to 20  1.3. Counting to 50  1.4. Counting to 100  1.5. Writing Numbers 1 to 10  1.6. Writing Numbers 1 to 20  1.7. Writing Numbers 1 to 50  1.8. Writing Numbers 1 to 100  1.9. Reading Numbers 1 to 10  1.10. Reading Numbers 1 to 20  1.11. Reading Numbers 1 to 50  1.12. Reading Numbers 1 to 100  1.13. Comparing Numbers  1.14. Ordering Numbers  1.15. Odd and Even Numbers  1.16. Number Patterns  1.17. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.18. Understanding Zero
  2. Basic Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Understanding Addition  2.2. Addition Facts within 10  2.3. Addition Facts within 20  2.4. Adding Zero  2.5. Adding One More  2.6. Adding Two More  2.7. Adding Three More  2.8. Adding Using Pictures  2.9. Addition Word Problems  2.10. Understanding Subtraction  2.11. Subtraction Facts within 10  2.12. Subtraction Facts within 20  2.13. Subtracting Zero  2.14. Subtracting One  2.15. Subtracting Two  2.16. Subtraction Using Pictures  2.17. Subtraction Word Problems  2.18. Introduction to Doubles Facts  2.19. Introduction to Making 10
  3. Place Value and Number Sense  3.1. Understanding Tens and Ones  3.2. Counting by Tens  3.3. Place Value within 20  3.4. Place Value within 50  3.5. Place Value within 100  3.6. Reading and Writing Two-Digit Numbers  3.7. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  3.8. Decomposing Numbers
  4. Measurement  4.1. Length  4.1.1. Comparing Lengths  4.1.2. Measuring with Non-Standard Units  4.1.3. Using Standard Units (Inches and Centimeters) in Length  4.2. Weight  4.2.1. Comparing Weights  4.2.2. Heavy and Light Objects  4.2.3. Introduction to Grams and Pounds  4.3. Capacity  4.3.1. Comparing Capacity  4.3.2. Full and Empty  4.3.3. Introduction to Liters and Milliliters  4.4. Time  4.4.1. Telling Time to the Hour  4.4.2. Telling Time to the Half Hour  4.4.3. Days of the Week  4.4.4. Months of the Year  4.4.5. Understanding Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow  4.5. Money  4.5.1. Recognizing Coins  4.5.2. Counting Coins  4.5.3. Introduction to Dollar and Cents Symbols  4.5.4. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money
  5. Geometry  5.1. 2D Shapes  5.1.1. Recognizing 2D Shapes  5.1.2. Drawing 2D Shapes  5.1.3. Naming 2D Shapes  5.1.4. Properties of 2D Shapes  5.1.5. Sorting 2D Shapes  5.1.6. Composing Simple Shapes  5.2. 3D Shapes  5.2.1. Recognizing 3D Shapes  5.2.2. Naming 3D Shapes  5.2.3. Properties of 3D Shapes  5.2.4. Sorting 3D Shapes  5.3. Position and Direction  5.3.1. Left and Right  5.3.2. Above and Below  5.3.3. Inside and Outside  5.3.4. Near and Far  5.3.5. In Front and Behind
  6. Patterns and Sorting  6.1. Recognizing Patterns  6.2. Extending Patterns  6.3. Creating Patterns  6.4. Sorting by Color  6.5. Sorting by Shape  6.6. Sorting by Size
  7. Data and Graphing  7.1. Introduction to Data  7.2. Collecting Data  7.3. Tally Marks  7.4. Bar Graphs  7.5. Picture Graphs  7.6. Interpreting Simple Graphs
  8. Fractions  8.1. Understanding Halves  8.2. Understanding Fourths  8.3. Dividing Shapes into Equal Parts  8.4. Identifying Equal and Unequal Parts

Grade 1 → Geometry ↓


2D Shapes


Geometry can be a magical and interesting subject for young minds. At the core of geometry are shapes - wherever we look, there are different shapes. Today, we will dive deep into the world of 2D shapes and explore them in a fun and interactive way. We will learn about the different types of 2D shapes, their properties, and how we can identify them around us. So, let's go on this exciting journey of shapes!

What are 2D shapes?

2D shapes, also known as two-dimensional shapes or plane shapes, are flat shapes that have only two dimensions: length and width. They have no thickness or depth, which means they don't protrude or stick out from a surface. You can find 2D shapes when you draw them on a piece of paper or see them in different signs or symbols around you.

Examples of 2D shapes

Let's take a look at some common 2D shapes:

Circle

A circle is a round shape with no edges or corners. Every point on the edge of the circle is the same distance from the center. You can think of a circle as a wheel or a round clock shape.

Social class

A square is a shape that has four equal sides and four corners. All the angles of a square are right angles, meaning they are 90 degrees. You can see squares in things like chessboards or square tiles.

Triangle

A triangle is a shape with three sides and three corners. Triangles come in many forms. A common type we see is the equilateral triangle, where all sides and angles are equal.

Rectangle

A rectangle is similar to a square, but two of its sides are longer than the other two. Like a square, it has four sides and four corners, with all angles being right angles. Think of doors or books - these objects are often rectangular.

Pentagon

A pentagon is a shape with five sides and five corners. The sides don't have to be equal, but in a regular pentagon they are. Think of a drawing of a simple house where the top part is often a pentagon.

Hexagon

A hexagon has six sides and six corners. You can find hexagons in beehives – the little chambers where bees store honey are hexagon-shaped!

Properties of 2D shapes

Every 2D shape has different properties that help us recognize and differentiate them. The most common properties are:

  • Number of sides: The straight edges of a shape.
  • Angle: The space between two intersecting lines at each corner.
  • Vertices: The points where two sides meet.

Let's see how these properties apply to different shapes:

  • Square: 4 sides, 4 equal angles, 4 vertices
  • Rectangle: 4 sides, 4 right angles, 4 vertices
  • Triangle: 3 sides, 3 angles, 3 vertices
  • Circle: It has no sides, no angles, but it has an infinite number of equal points forming a circumference.
  • Pentagon: 5 sides, 5 angles, 5 vertices
  • Hexagon: 6 sides, 6 angles, 6 vertices

How to identify 2D shapes?

Knowing how to recognize 2D shapes is an important skill. Here's how you can do it:

Step 1: Calculate the sides and vertices

First, count the number of sides in the figure. This gives you a quick way to figure out what kind of figure you are looking at. Counting the vertices also helps.

Step 2: Look at the length of the sides

Once you know the number of sides, check if they are all equal or if some are longer. For example, squares have equal sides, while rectangles have two long sides and two short sides.

Step 3: Measure the angle

Use a simple protractor to measure angles if necessary. Knowing if all angles are equal especially helps to distinguish between squares and rectangles.

Example:

You have a shape that has four equal sides and four equal angles of 90 degrees. This shape is a square.

If the shape also has four sides but only opposite sides are equal, and all angles are 90 degrees, then it is a rectangle.

Do you have a shape with three sides, and each side is the same length? Then you're looking at an equilateral triangle.

Practicing with 2D shapes

The best way to learn about 2D shapes is through practice and observation. Try this fun activity: Do a shape search in your home or outside and make a list of different objects and the shapes they represent. You can find:

  • A circular clock on the wall.
  • The cover of your book is in the form of a rectangle.
  • A slice of triangle-shaped pizza (well, close enough!)
  • A bathroom tile in the form of a square.

These activities help you connect with the concept and see how prevalent shapes are in our everyday lives!

Importance in daily life

Why bother with shapes? Understanding 2D shapes helps in many areas of life.

1. Organising and planning:

Many household tasks, such as arranging furniture in a room, involve understanding sizes and measurements.

2. Art and design:

Artists and designers use an understanding of the properties of shape to create visually appealing artworks.

3. Architecture and engineering:

Structures are designed with specific shapes in mind, balancing strength, durability and style.

4. Practical activities:

Knowing shapes helps in following patterns in activities like sewing or crafts.

Conclusion

Shapes are one of the fundamental things that help us understand the space around us. By learning about 2D shapes and their properties, we gain the skills to identify and describe objects in our environment with clarity and precision. This is our journey into the geometric world of shapes where each discovery adds to our understanding. Have fun as we continue to learn, explore, and map the world with shapes!


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2D Shapes

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