Grade 1
  1. Numbers and Counting  1.1. Counting to 10  1.2. Counting to 20  1.3. Counting to 50  1.4. Counting to 100  1.5. Writing Numbers 1 to 10  1.6. Writing Numbers 1 to 20  1.7. Writing Numbers 1 to 50  1.8. Writing Numbers 1 to 100  1.9. Reading Numbers 1 to 10  1.10. Reading Numbers 1 to 20  1.11. Reading Numbers 1 to 50  1.12. Reading Numbers 1 to 100  1.13. Comparing Numbers  1.14. Ordering Numbers  1.15. Odd and Even Numbers  1.16. Number Patterns  1.17. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s  1.18. Understanding Zero
  2. Basic Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Understanding Addition  2.2. Addition Facts within 10  2.3. Addition Facts within 20  2.4. Adding Zero  2.5. Adding One More  2.6. Adding Two More  2.7. Adding Three More  2.8. Adding Using Pictures  2.9. Addition Word Problems  2.10. Understanding Subtraction  2.11. Subtraction Facts within 10  2.12. Subtraction Facts within 20  2.13. Subtracting Zero  2.14. Subtracting One  2.15. Subtracting Two  2.16. Subtraction Using Pictures  2.17. Subtraction Word Problems  2.18. Introduction to Doubles Facts  2.19. Introduction to Making 10
  3. Place Value and Number Sense  3.1. Understanding Tens and Ones  3.2. Counting by Tens  3.3. Place Value within 20  3.4. Place Value within 50  3.5. Place Value within 100  3.6. Reading and Writing Two-Digit Numbers  3.7. Comparing Two-Digit Numbers  3.8. Decomposing Numbers
  4. Measurement  4.1. Length  4.1.1. Comparing Lengths  4.1.2. Measuring with Non-Standard Units  4.1.3. Using Standard Units (Inches and Centimeters) in Length  4.2. Weight  4.2.1. Comparing Weights  4.2.2. Heavy and Light Objects  4.2.3. Introduction to Grams and Pounds  4.3. Capacity  4.3.1. Comparing Capacity  4.3.2. Full and Empty  4.3.3. Introduction to Liters and Milliliters  4.4. Time  4.4.1. Telling Time to the Hour  4.4.2. Telling Time to the Half Hour  4.4.3. Days of the Week  4.4.4. Months of the Year  4.4.5. Understanding Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow  4.5. Money  4.5.1. Recognizing Coins  4.5.2. Counting Coins  4.5.3. Introduction to Dollar and Cents Symbols  4.5.4. Simple Addition and Subtraction with Money
  5. Geometry  5.1. 2D Shapes  5.1.1. Recognizing 2D Shapes  5.1.2. Drawing 2D Shapes  5.1.3. Naming 2D Shapes  5.1.4. Properties of 2D Shapes  5.1.5. Sorting 2D Shapes  5.1.6. Composing Simple Shapes  5.2. 3D Shapes  5.2.1. Recognizing 3D Shapes  5.2.2. Naming 3D Shapes  5.2.3. Properties of 3D Shapes  5.2.4. Sorting 3D Shapes  5.3. Position and Direction  5.3.1. Left and Right  5.3.2. Above and Below  5.3.3. Inside and Outside  5.3.4. Near and Far  5.3.5. In Front and Behind
  6. Patterns and Sorting  6.1. Recognizing Patterns  6.2. Extending Patterns  6.3. Creating Patterns  6.4. Sorting by Color  6.5. Sorting by Shape  6.6. Sorting by Size
  7. Data and Graphing  7.1. Introduction to Data  7.2. Collecting Data  7.3. Tally Marks  7.4. Bar Graphs  7.5. Picture Graphs  7.6. Interpreting Simple Graphs
  8. Fractions  8.1. Understanding Halves  8.2. Understanding Fourths  8.3. Dividing Shapes into Equal Parts  8.4. Identifying Equal and Unequal Parts

Grade 1 → Geometry → Position and Direction ↓


Above and Below


Welcome to the world of geometry! Today we will learn about two important words: "above" and "below." These words help us understand where things are. It’s just like when we play hide and seek and want to figure out whether someone is hiding above or below something.

Knowing the "upstairs"

"Above" means that something is above. For example, if you stand on the ground and look up, the clouds in the sky are above you. Let’s look at how we can use "above" in geometry.

Imagine there is a table in a house. A book is placed on the table. The book is on top of the table. It is not touching the ground; rather, it is higher than the legs of the table.
Book

In this picture the book is on the table.

Let’s get to know "down there"

"Down" means that something is below. If you look below your feet, you might see the floor.

Consider the same table again. If a chair is placed beneath the table, we say that the chair is beneath the table. The chair is below the top of the table.

In this picture the ball is placed under the shelf.

Knowing both "up" and "down"

In everyday life and mathematics, we often use the words "above" and "below" together to describe the position of things.

Let’s think of a staircase. A staircase has steps one above the other. If you’re standing on the third step, the step "below" you is the second step and the step "above" you is the fourth step.
step 1step 2step 3

Each step on this staircase is above and below the other steps.

Use of "up" and "down" in altitude

"Above" and "below" can also describe height. Think of tall buildings or trees. A bird flying high in the sky is above everything on the ground.

Suppose there is a tall tree and a small child is looking at it. The top of the tree is above the child. If there is a nest near the top, the nest will also be above the child.
Child

In this picture the top of the tree and the nest are above the child.

Fun exercise: Finding "up" and "down"

Let’s do a fun activity to practice your understanding!

  1. Look around your room.
  2. Choose an object, such as a chair or table.
  3. Find something that is above that.
  4. Find something that’s underneath it.

Why are “up” and “down” important?

Knowing “up” and “down” helps us in so many ways! It helps us follow instructions better. For example, when your teacher says, “Put your books on top of the desk,” you know where to put them. These words are also important in sports, like when you play basketball and the ball goes over the hoop.

Imagine you are playing a game. One team has to place flags at the top of a tree, and the other at the bottom. Understanding “up” and “down” helps each team win the game by placing the flags correctly!

Using "up" and "down" in stories

Let’s imagine a story to make your learning more fun!

Once upon a time, there was a little bird who lived in a nest at the top of a tall tree. The tree was very special. It had a little door at the bottom where a little rabbit lived. Every morning, the bird would chirp from above, and the rabbit would frolic in the grass below. They were best friends. When the bird wanted to talk to the rabbit, it would fly down. They loved to play together and find out who was "up" and who was "down".

Conclusion

Today we learned about "up" and "down." These words help us understand and describe where things are. Whether it’s something in our room, in a picture, or in a story, knowing "up" and "down" makes it easier to tell where everything is.

You are now ready to use these words to describe the world around you in your daily life. Keep practicing and have fun using "up" and "down" wherever you go!


Grade 1 → 5.3.2


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Above and Below

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