Grade 3
  1. Number Sense and Numeration  1.1. Understanding Numbers  1.1.1. Reading and Writing Numbers up to 10,000  1.1.2. Place Value up to Thousands  1.1.3. Comparing and Ordering Numbers  1.1.4. Rounding Numbers to the Nearest Ten and Hundred  1.1.5. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, 10s, and 100s up to 1,000  1.2. Operations with Whole Numbers  1.2.1. Addition and Subtraction up to 1,000  1.2.2. Multiplication Facts (up to 10 x 10)  1.2.3. Division Facts (up to 100)  1.2.4. Multiplication as Repeated Addition  1.2.5. Division as Equal Sharing  1.2.6. Word Problems with Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division  1.3. Estimation  1.3.1. Estimating Sums and Differences  1.3.2. Estimating Products and Quotients  1.4. Understanding Even and Odd Numbers
  2. Fractions and Decimals  2.1. Understanding Fractions  2.1.1. Identifying and Representing Fractions  2.1.2. Fractions of a Whole and Part of a Set  2.1.3. Comparing and Ordering Fractions with Like Denominators  2.1.4. Equivalent Fractions  2.1.5. Simple Fraction Word Problems  2.2. Introduction to Decimals  2.2.1. Tenths and Hundredths as Decimals  2.2.2. Relationship between Fractions and Decimals
  3. Measurement  3.1. Length  3.1.1. Measuring in Centimeters and Meters  3.1.2. Comparing and Ordering Lengths  3.1.3. Estimating Lengths  3.1.4. Converting Between Centimeters and Meters  3.2. Mass  3.2.1. Measuring in Grams and Kilograms  3.2.2. Estimating and Comparing Mass  3.3. Capacity  3.3.1. Measuring in Milliliters and Liters  3.3.2. Estimating and Comparing Capacity  3.4. Time  3.4.1. Telling Time to the Nearest Minute  3.4.2. Calculating Elapsed Time  3.4.3. Using a Calendar  3.4.4. Understanding A.M. and P.M.  3.5. Area and Perimeter  3.5.1. Calculating Perimeter of Simple Shapes  3.5.2. Estimating and Measuring Area of Shapes  3.5.3. Finding Area by Counting Squares
  4. Geometry  4.1. Properties of Shapes  4.1.1. Identifying 2D Shapes (Triangles, Quadrilaterals, Circles, etc.)  4.1.2. Identifying 3D Shapes (Cubes, Spheres, Cylinders, etc.)  4.1.3. Describing Attributes of 2D and 3D Shapes  4.1.4. Recognizing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines  4.2. Symmetry and Transformations  4.2.1. Recognizing Lines of Symmetry  4.2.2. Identifying Flips, Slides, and Turns  4.3. Angles  4.3.1. Understanding Right Angles  4.3.2. Comparing Angles (Acute, Right, Obtuse)
  5. Data Management and Probability  5.1. Data Collection and Organization  5.1.1. Collecting Data using Surveys and Experiments  5.1.2. Organizing Data using Tally Charts and Tables  5.2.1. Creating and Interpreting Pictographs  5.2.2. Creating and Interpreting Bar Graphs  5.2.3. Reading Simple Line Graphs  5.3. Probability  5.3.1. Understanding Basic Probability Terms (Certain, Possible, Impossible)  5.3.2. Predicting Outcomes  5.3.3. Simple Probability Experiments
  6. Patterns and Algebra  6.1. Patterns  6.1.1. Identifying and Extending Numeric Patterns  6.1.2. Identifying and Extending Shape Patterns  6.1.3. Creating Patterns Using Rules  6.2. Introduction to Algebra  6.2.1. Understanding Variables as Unknowns  6.2.2. Solving Simple Addition and Subtraction Equations  6.2.3. Using Patterns to Solve Problems
  7. Problem-Solving Skills  7.1. Strategies for Problem-Solving  7.1.1. Using Pictures or Diagrams  7.1.2. Identifying Patterns in Problems  7.1.3. Making Organized Lists  7.1.4. Guessing and Checking  7.1.5. Using Logical Reasoning  7.1.6. Breaking Down Problems into Steps

Grade 3 → Data Management and Probability ↓


Probability


Probability is a concept that helps us understand the likelihood of something happening. It's like asking, "What are the odds?" For example, what is the probability that it will rain today, or what is the probability that you will roll a six on a die? That's what probability is.

What is probability?

Probability is a number that tells us how likely an event is to happen. It can be a number between 0 and 1, where 0 means the event will definitely not happen, and 1 means the event will definitely happen.

For example, if you have a bowl of red apples and none of them are green, the probability of choosing a green apple is 0. On the other hand, if all the apples are red, the probability of choosing a red apple is 1.

In mathematics, we often write probability as P. For example, P(A) is the probability that event A occurs.

Simple ways to think about probability

Let us consider some examples:

  • If you flip a fair coin: There are two possible outcomes, heads or tails. The probability of getting heads is 1/2, and the probability of getting tails is also 1/2. This is because there is one head and one tail, so each side has an equal probability.
    • P(Heads) = 1/2
    P(Tails) = 1/2
  • If you throw a fair six-sided die: There are six possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. The probability of getting any one particular number, such as 3, is 1/6. This is because there are a total of three and six sides.
    • P(Rolling a 3) = 1/6

We can also look at probability as part of a whole.

whole 1/6

Everyday examples of probability

Probability isn't just something used in math homework; it's something we use every day! Here are some common places where probability is used:

  • Weather forecast: If the weather report says there is a 30% chance of rain, they are using probability to predict rain.
  • Sports: When playing board games or sports, probability helps determine what might happen next – like throwing dice, drawing a card, or even which team is likely to win based on past performances.
  • Making decisions: Sometimes, people use probability to help them make decisions. For example, if a good thing has a high probability of happening, you might decide to do it.

How to calculate simple probability

The formula for finding the probability of a certain event occurring is:

Probability (P) of an event happening = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes

Let's look at an example:

Suppose you have a bag containing 2 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 5 green balls. If you want to find the probability of choosing a red ball, you can do it like this:

  • Total number of balls = 2 (red) + 3 (blue) + 5 (green) = 10 balls
  • Number of favourable outcomes (choosing red ball) = 2

So, use the formula:

P(Red) = Number of red balls / Total number of balls = 2/10 = 1/5

This means that the probability of choosing a red ball from the bag is 1/5 or 0.2.

More examples of probability

Here is another example to find the probability.

Example: Suppose you have a spinner with four equal parts, colored red, blue, yellow, and green. What is the probability that the spinner lands on red?

Total number of sections on the spinner = 4

Number of favourable outcomes (landing on red) = 1

P(Red) = 1 / 4

The probability of landing on the red part is 1/4 or 0.25.

Terms used in probability

When talking about probability, there are some terms that are useful to know:

  • Experiment: An action or process that leads to one or more outcomes. For example, throwing dice or choosing a card.
  • Outcome: The result of a single trial of an experiment. For example, the number you get when you throw a dice.
  • Event: A set of outcomes. For example, getting an even number when throwing a dice.

Exploring with probability in simple experiments

You can do some simple experiments to see probability in action. Here are some experiments you can try:

  1. Coin tossing game: Take a coin and toss it 10 times. Record how many times you get heads and how many times you get tails. What was the probability of getting heads in your experiment?
  2. Dice throwing experiment: Roll a die 20 times and record the result each time. How often did you get a 3? What was the experimental probability of getting a 3?

Probability and fractions

Probability is very closely related to fractions. When we say that the probability of an event is 1/2, it is the same as saying the same thing as a fraction of one-half or 50%. The denominator (the bottom number) of a probability fraction tells you the total number of possible outcomes. The numerator (the top number) shows how many outcomes your event will satisfy.

For example, the probability of getting an even number on a standard six-sided die is:

  • Even numbers on the dice: 2, 4, 6
  • Number of favourable outcomes = 3
  • Total number of possible outcomes = 6
P(Even) = 3 / 6 = 1 / 2

The probability of getting an even number is 1/2 or 0.5.

Why probability is important

Understanding probability helps us make better choices when we are uncertain. Some decisions are important and affect our lives, such as weather forecasts that can affect daily plans, or sports, where knowing probability helps you understand the rules and fair chances.

Learning about probability now helps you develop a strong foundation for more advanced mathematical concepts and can help in many professions such as medicine, meteorology, finance, and risk assessment.

Try it yourself!

Here are some questions you can try to practice your understanding of probability:

  1. What are the odds of drawing a heart from a standard deck of cards?
  2. If you put 5 red marbles and 3 blue marbles into a bag, what is the probability that a blue marble will come out?
  3. If a basket contains 10 apples, of which 3 are green, what is the probability of choosing a green apple?

Conclusion

Probability means finding out the likelihood of something happening. By understanding probability, we can make informed choices based on the probabilities of different possible outcomes. Whether tossing a coin, throwing dice, or deciding whether you need an umbrella or not, probability helps you make decisions based on mathematical reasoning.


Grade 3 → 5.3


U
username
0%
completed in Grade 3

← Prev (5.2.3)
Reading Simple Line Graphs
Next (5.3.1) →
Understanding Basic Probability Terms (Certain, Possible, Impossible)

Comments 



Probability

https://www.buddymath.com/g3/5.3?bmal=en