Grade 3
  1. Number Sense and Numeration  1.1. Understanding Numbers  1.1.1. Reading and Writing Numbers up to 10,000  1.1.2. Place Value up to Thousands  1.1.3. Comparing and Ordering Numbers  1.1.4. Rounding Numbers to the Nearest Ten and Hundred  1.1.5. Skip Counting by 2s, 5s, 10s, and 100s up to 1,000  1.2. Operations with Whole Numbers  1.2.1. Addition and Subtraction up to 1,000  1.2.2. Multiplication Facts (up to 10 x 10)  1.2.3. Division Facts (up to 100)  1.2.4. Multiplication as Repeated Addition  1.2.5. Division as Equal Sharing  1.2.6. Word Problems with Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division  1.3. Estimation  1.3.1. Estimating Sums and Differences  1.3.2. Estimating Products and Quotients  1.4. Understanding Even and Odd Numbers
  2. Fractions and Decimals  2.1. Understanding Fractions  2.1.1. Identifying and Representing Fractions  2.1.2. Fractions of a Whole and Part of a Set  2.1.3. Comparing and Ordering Fractions with Like Denominators  2.1.4. Equivalent Fractions  2.1.5. Simple Fraction Word Problems  2.2. Introduction to Decimals  2.2.1. Tenths and Hundredths as Decimals  2.2.2. Relationship between Fractions and Decimals
  3. Measurement  3.1. Length  3.1.1. Measuring in Centimeters and Meters  3.1.2. Comparing and Ordering Lengths  3.1.3. Estimating Lengths  3.1.4. Converting Between Centimeters and Meters  3.2. Mass  3.2.1. Measuring in Grams and Kilograms  3.2.2. Estimating and Comparing Mass  3.3. Capacity  3.3.1. Measuring in Milliliters and Liters  3.3.2. Estimating and Comparing Capacity  3.4. Time  3.4.1. Telling Time to the Nearest Minute  3.4.2. Calculating Elapsed Time  3.4.3. Using a Calendar  3.4.4. Understanding A.M. and P.M.  3.5. Area and Perimeter  3.5.1. Calculating Perimeter of Simple Shapes  3.5.2. Estimating and Measuring Area of Shapes  3.5.3. Finding Area by Counting Squares
  4. Geometry  4.1. Properties of Shapes  4.1.1. Identifying 2D Shapes (Triangles, Quadrilaterals, Circles, etc.)  4.1.2. Identifying 3D Shapes (Cubes, Spheres, Cylinders, etc.)  4.1.3. Describing Attributes of 2D and 3D Shapes  4.1.4. Recognizing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines  4.2. Symmetry and Transformations  4.2.1. Recognizing Lines of Symmetry  4.2.2. Identifying Flips, Slides, and Turns  4.3. Angles  4.3.1. Understanding Right Angles  4.3.2. Comparing Angles (Acute, Right, Obtuse)
  5. Data Management and Probability  5.1. Data Collection and Organization  5.1.1. Collecting Data using Surveys and Experiments  5.1.2. Organizing Data using Tally Charts and Tables  5.2.1. Creating and Interpreting Pictographs  5.2.2. Creating and Interpreting Bar Graphs  5.2.3. Reading Simple Line Graphs  5.3. Probability  5.3.1. Understanding Basic Probability Terms (Certain, Possible, Impossible)  5.3.2. Predicting Outcomes  5.3.3. Simple Probability Experiments
  6. Patterns and Algebra  6.1. Patterns  6.1.1. Identifying and Extending Numeric Patterns  6.1.2. Identifying and Extending Shape Patterns  6.1.3. Creating Patterns Using Rules  6.2. Introduction to Algebra  6.2.1. Understanding Variables as Unknowns  6.2.2. Solving Simple Addition and Subtraction Equations  6.2.3. Using Patterns to Solve Problems
  7. Problem-Solving Skills  7.1. Strategies for Problem-Solving  7.1.1. Using Pictures or Diagrams  7.1.2. Identifying Patterns in Problems  7.1.3. Making Organized Lists  7.1.4. Guessing and Checking  7.1.5. Using Logical Reasoning  7.1.6. Breaking Down Problems into Steps

Grade 3 → Data Management and Probability ↓


Creating and Interpreting Pictographs


Pictographs, often used in math, are a colorful and engaging way for students to represent and understand data. These visual tools use pictures or symbols to represent numbers, making them especially useful for young learners such as those in grade 3. This guide will show you the basics of creating and interpreting pictographs.

What is a pictograph?

A pictograph is a type of graph that uses pictures or symbols to show data. Each picture represents a certain number of items. For example, in a pictograph showing the apples picked by students in one week, a picture of one apple might represent the two apples actually picked.

The main components of a pictogram

  • Title: The title tells what the pictograph is about. It could be "Number of books read by students" or "Favorite ice cream flavor."
  • Categories: Categories describe the data being shown. In the "number of books read" example, the categories could be the names of students.
  • Symbols: Pictures or icons that represent data. Each symbol represents a specific number of the item.
  • Key: The key or legend explains what each symbol represents. In our apple example, the key would explain that a picture of one apple is equivalent to two real apples.

Steps to create a pictogram

Creating a pictograph involves several simple steps. Let's look at an example in which we show the number of oranges brought to school by each student in the class.

Step 1: Collect the data

First, gather data about the quantity you want to represent. Let's say our data table looks like this:

    Student | Oranges
    Alice | 6
    Bob | 4
    Charlie | 8

Step 2: Choose your symbol

Choose an appropriate symbol to represent your data and set its value. Let's say an orange symbol will represent two oranges.

Step 3: Create the pictograph

pictogram of orange Alice Bob Charlie 1 orange = 2 actual oranges

Step 4: Make the key

Always include a key to effectively understand the symbols. The key clarifies that 1 orange symbol equals 2 actual oranges.

Step 5: Label your graph

Add a title and label the categories. For example, our graph is titled "Pictograph of Oranges," with labels for each student's name.

How to interpret pictograms

Interpreting a pictogram is simple once you know what each symbol represents. To interpret the data:

  • Look at the category and count the symbols.
  • Use the keys to determine the quantity represented by each symbol.
  • Perform any necessary calculations to figure out the total count.

In the orange example, Alice has three symbols. Each symbol represents two oranges, so Alice brings a total of 6 oranges.

Example explanation

Let's look at another pictogram to explain:

Class's favorite fruits Apple Bananas Grape 1 symbol = 1 fruit

In this pictograph, each rectangular symbol represents a fruit. On closer inspection, we see:

  • Red Rectangle (Apples): There are 2 red rectangles, so there are 2 apples.
  • Yellow Rectangle (Banana): There is a yellow rectangle, therefore there is a banana.
  • Purple Rectangle (Grapes): There are 2 purple rectangles, so there are 2 grapes.

Benefits of using pictograms

Pictograms have several advantages:

  • These are attractive to look at and easy for young students to understand.
  • Help students quickly understand quantity relationships in data.
  • Improve engagement by using fun symbols and images.
  • Serve as an excellent stepping stone to more complex graphs such as bar or line graphs.

Activities to enhance learning

Engage students in activities to practise creating and interpreting pictographs. Below are some classroom activities:

Activity 1: Create your own pictogram

Ask students to collect data about their classmates' favorite things, such as favorite animals or their liking for indoor sports. Give them a sheet to record their classmates' likings and help them create a pictograph on graph paper using the symbols they designed.

Activity 2: Interpret classroom pictograms

Paste several pictographs around the room. Ask students to go around, observe each pictograph, and answer questions about the data. For example, "How many more students like cats than dogs?"

Common misinterpretations and mistakes

Although pictograms are simple tools, students can make some common mistakes:

  • Misunderstanding the value of a symbol indicated in the key.
  • Forgetting to look at the key.
  • Confusion between categories, especially if symbols look similar.

Stress the importance of always checking the key before interpreting any pictogram.

Conclusion

Pictographs are a great and simple way to introduce students to data representation. Through consistent practice, students can learn to create and interpret these graphs, thereby establishing a strong foundation in data literacy. Pictographs not only make abstract data more tangible but also turn mathematics into an interactive and lively subject.


Grade 3 → 5.2.1


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Creating and Interpreting Bar Graphs

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Creating and Interpreting Pictographs

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