Grade 5
  1. Number Sense and Place Value  1.1. Understanding Large Numbers  1.2. Place Value up to Millions  1.3. Comparing and Ordering Numbers  1.4. Rounding Whole Numbers  1.5. Expanded Form and Standard Form  1.6. Estimation in Calculations
  2. Operations with Whole Numbers  2.1. Addition of Large Numbers  2.2. Subtraction of Large Numbers  2.3. Multiplication Concepts and Strategies  2.4. Division Concepts and Strategies  2.5. Multi-Digit Multiplication  2.6. Long Division  2.7. Order of Operations
  3. Fractions  3.1. Introduction to Fractions  3.2. Equivalent Fractions  3.3. Simplifying Fractions  3.4. Comparing and Ordering Fractions  3.5. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions  3.6. Multiplication of Fractions  3.7. Division of Fractions  3.8. Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions  3.9. Converting Between Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers
  4. Decimals  4.1. Understanding Decimals  4.2. Place Value in Decimals  4.3. Comparing and Ordering Decimals  4.4. Rounding Decimals  4.5. Addition and Subtraction of Decimals  4.6. Multiplication of Decimals  4.7. Division of Decimals  4.8. Converting Decimals to Fractions and Vice Versa
  5. Measurement  5.1. Length Measurement (Metric and Customary Units)  5.2. Weight and Mass Measurement  5.3. Volume and Capacity Measurement  5.4. Area of Squares and Rectangles  5.5. Perimeter of Polygons  5.6. Time and Elapsed Time  5.7. Temperature  5.8. Understanding Metric Conversions
  6. Geometry  6.1. Types of Lines and Angles  6.2. Measuring Angles  6.3. Classifying Triangles  6.4. Properties of Quadrilaterals  6.5. Symmetry and Reflection  6.6. Transformations (Translation, Rotation, Reflection)  6.7. Coordinate Plane and Plotting Points  6.8. 3D Shapes and Their Properties  6.9. Nets of 3D Shapes  6.10. Understanding Congruence and Similarity
  7. Data and Probability  7.1. Introduction to Data Collection  7.2. Organizing Data (Tables and Tally Charts)  7.3. Graphs (Bar Graphs, Line Plots, Pictographs)  7.4. Mean, Median, and Mode  7.5. Range of Data  7.6. Introduction to Probability  7.7. Simple Events and Outcomes  7.8. Probability of Independent Events
  8. Ratios and Proportions  8.1. Understanding Ratios  8.2. Writing and Simplifying Ratios  8.3. Equivalent Ratios  8.4. Introduction to Proportions  8.5. Solving Proportion Problems
  9. Algebraic Thinking  9.1. Understanding Variables and Expressions  9.2. Writing Algebraic Expressions  9.3. Simplifying Expressions  9.4. Solving One-Step Equations  9.5. Understanding Patterns and Sequences  9.6. Using the Distributive Property
  10. Financial Literacy  10.1. Introduction to Money and Currency  10.2. Budgeting Basics  10.3. Saving and Spending  10.4. Understanding Interest  10.5. Basic Financial Planning  10.6. Simple vs. Compound Interest

Grade 5 → Measurement ↓


Time and Elapsed Time


Time is an essential part of our lives. We use time to schedule our daily activities, whether it is waking up for school, having lunch, or going to bed. In grade 5 math, we learn how to tell time, understand its units, and calculate elapsed time. This helps us to better manage our schedule and plan our day-to-day activities effectively.

Parts of a clock

Clocks come in different forms, but they all serve the same purpose — to show us what time it is. There are mainly two types of clocks: analog clocks, which have hands that move around a circular face, and digital clocks, which display numbers on a screen. Let's start by understanding the analog clock, which is divided into two main components: the hour hand and the minute hand.

        12
      11 1
    10 2
    9 3
    8 4
      7 5
        6

In this clock diagram, notice the placement of the numbers. One full revolution of the minute hand completes one cycle, which represents 60 minutes, because there are 60 minutes in an hour.

Reading the time on an analog clock

To read an analog clock, look at where the hour hand and the minute hand are pointing. The shorter hand is the hour hand, and it tells us the hour, while the longer hand is the minute hand, and it tells us the minutes since the current hour.

Example: If the hour hand is between numbers 3 and 4, and the minute hand is at number 6, the time is 3:30.

Understanding AM and PM

The clocks use a standard 12-hour time notation that repeats itself over a 24-hour day period, dividing the day into two cycles known as AM and PM:

  • AM comes from the Latin term "ante meridiem," which means before noon. It covers the hours from midnight (12:00 AM) to just before noon (11:59 AM).
  • Afternoon, or "post meridiem," means after midday, which is the time from just before noon (12:00 PM) to just before midnight (11:59 PM).

For example, 3:00 AM is the time in the morning, while 3:00 PM is the time in the afternoon.

Calculating elapsed time

Elapsed time is the time elapsed from one point to another. Understanding how to calculate elapsed time is a practical skill for everyday life, such as determining how long a trip takes or how much time is left before a deadline.

To find the elapsed time you need a start time and an end time. Subtract the start time from the end time to find the difference. Let's consider the following example:

If a birthday party starts at 2:00 PM and ends at 5:30 PM, the elapsed time will be calculated as follows:

      Start Time: 2:00 PM
      End time: 5:30 PM
      Time spent: 3 hours and 30 minutes

The calculation is as follows:

  • The time period is three hours from 2 PM to 5 PM.
  • The time period is 30 minutes from 5:00 PM to 5:30 PM.
  • Add these up: 3 hours + 30 minutes = 3 hours and 30 minutes.

Using the timeline to calculate elapsed time

A timeline is a useful tool that helps visualize and calculate elapsed time. Creating a timeline can help identify the duration between events in a sequence. Consider this example:

9:00 AM 10:30 AM 12:00 PM 1:15 PM

By marking important times on this line, you can see the time blocks clearly.

  • Time from 9:00 AM to 10:30 AM is 1 hour 30 minutes.
  • Timings from 10:30 AM to 12:00 PM is 1 hour 30 minutes.
  • Time from 12:00 PM to 1:15 PM is 1 hour 15 minutes.

Adding these periods together, the total time elapsed between 9:00 AM and 1:15 PM is 3 hours and 15 minutes.

Practice problems

Let's study some practice problems to strengthen our understanding of time and elapsed time:

Example 1

A movie starts at 6:45 pm and ends at 9:20 pm. How long is the movie?

Solution:

  1. The time from 6:45 PM to 7:00 PM is 15 minutes.
  2. The time duration is 2 hours from 7:00 PM to 9:00 PM.
  3. The time from 9:00 PM to 9:20 PM is 20 minutes.

Total time elapsed is 2 hours and 35 minutes.

Example 2

If you start your homework at 4:10 PM and finish at 6:55 PM, how much time did you spend doing your homework?

Solution:

  1. The time duration from 4:10 PM to 5:00 PM is 50 minutes.
  2. Time duration is 1 hour from 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM.
  3. The time period from 6:00 PM to 6:55 PM is 55 minutes.

Total time elapsed is 2 hours 45 minutes.

Example 3

A train leaves at 11:35 AM and reaches its destination at 2:45 PM. What is the travel time?

Solution:

  1. The time duration is 25 minutes from 11:35 AM to 12:00 PM.
  2. The time duration is 2 hours from 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM.
  3. There is a time period of 45 minutes from 2:00 PM to 2:45 PM.

Total time elapsed is 3 hours and 10 minutes.

Conclusion

Understanding how to read time and calculate elapsed time is crucial to efficient time management. By breaking down time calculations into smaller steps, we can see the process clearly and make accurate time estimates.

The ability to visualize time on a timeline and divide hours and minutes improves problem-solving skills. These skills allow us to plan effectively, prepare for transitions smoothly, and ensure that events happen as scheduled.


Grade 5 → 5.6


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Time and Elapsed Time

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