Grade 4
  1. Numbers and Place Value  1.1. Understanding Place Value  1.2. Reading and Writing Large Numbers  1.3. Comparing and Ordering Numbers  1.4. Rounding Numbers  1.5. Understanding Odd and Even Numbers  1.6. Number Patterns and Sequences
  2. Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Addition of Large Numbers  2.2. Subtraction of Large Numbers  2.3. Estimation in Addition and Subtraction  2.4. Word Problems on Addition and Subtraction
  3. Multiplication and Division  3.1. Understanding Multiplication  3.2. Multiplying Multi-Digit Numbers  3.3. Understanding Division  3.4. Dividing Multi-Digit Numbers  3.5. Multiplication and Division Facts  3.6. Word Problems on Multiplication and Division
  4. Factors and Multiples  4.1. Understanding Factors  4.2. Finding Common Factors  4.3. Understanding Multiples  4.4. Finding Common Multiples  4.5. Prime and Composite Numbers  4.6. Prime Factorization  4.7. Greatest Common Factor  4.8. Least Common Multiple
  5. Fractions  5.1. Understanding Fractions  5.2. Equivalent Fractions  5.3. Simplifying Fractions  5.4. Comparing and Ordering Fractions  5.5. Addition of Fractions  5.6. Subtraction of Fractions  5.7. Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions  5.8. Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions  5.9. Word Problems on Fractions
  6. Decimals  6.1. Understanding Decimals  6.2. Reading and Writing Decimals  6.3. Comparing and Ordering Decimals  6.4. Rounding Decimals  6.5. Addition of Decimals  6.6. Subtraction of Decimals  6.7. Converting Decimals to Fractions  6.8. Converting Fractions to Decimals  6.9. Word Problems on Decimals
  7. Measurement  7.1. Length  7.1.1. Units of Length  7.1.2. Converting Units of Length  7.1.3. Perimeter  7.1.4. Area  7.1.5. Word Problems on Length  7.2. Weight  7.2.1. Units of Weight  7.2.2. Converting Units of Weight  7.2.3. Word Problems on Weight  7.3. Volume and Capacity  7.3.1. Units of Volume  7.3.2. Converting Units of Volume  7.3.3. Estimating Volume and Capacity  7.3.4. Word Problems on Volume and Capacity  7.4. Time  7.4.1. Reading Time  7.4.2. Units of Time  7.4.3. Converting Units of Time  7.4.4. Calculating Elapsed Time  7.4.5. Word Problems on Time
  8. Geometry  8.1. Properties of Shapes  8.1.1. Types of Angles  8.1.2. Types of Triangles  8.1.4. Symmetry  8.1.5. Lines of Symmetry  8.2. Perimeter and Area  8.2.1. Perimeter of Rectangles  8.2.2. Perimeter of Other Shapes  8.2.3. Area of Rectangles  8.2.4. Area of Other Shapes  8.2.5. Area of Irregular Shapes  8.3. Coordinate Geometry  8.3.1. Understanding Coordinates  8.3.2. Plotting Points on a Grid  8.3.3. Identifying Shapes on a Grid
  9. Data and Graphs  9.1. Types of Data  9.2. Organizing Data  9.3. Reading Bar Graphs  9.4. Drawing Bar Graphs  9.5. Line Plots  9.7. Reading and Interpreting Line Graphs  9.8. Word Problems on Graphs
  10. Money  10.1. Understanding Money  10.2. Addition and Subtraction with Money  10.3. Making Change  10.4. Multiplying and Dividing Money  10.5. Word Problems on Money

Grade 4 → Measurement → Length ↓


Perimeter


It is very important to understand the concept of perimeter in geometry. Perimeter is defined as the total distance around the edge of a two-dimensional figure. Imagine you are walking in a park with a boundary; the perimeter is the distance you would walk to walk around the park once.

Basic understanding of perimeter

In simple terms, the perimeter is the sum of the lengths of all the sides of a shape. For example, if you have a shape made of four sticks, the perimeter will be the combined length of all those sticks.

Perimeter of a rectangle

A rectangle is a four-sided shape with opposite sides of equal length. To calculate the perimeter of a rectangle, you need to know the length and width.

Formula:

Perimeter of Rectangle = 2 * (Length + Width)

Let us understand this with an example:

  • If the length of a rectangle is 10 units and width is 5 units, then the perimeter will be: 
    Perimeter = 2 * (10 + 5) = 30 units
length = 10 width = 5

Perimeter of a square

A square is a special type of rectangle in which all four sides are of equal length. Therefore, calculating the perimeter of a square is simple: multiply the length of one side by 4.

Perimeter of Square = 4 * Side

Example:

  • If the length of the side of a square is 6 units, then its perimeter is: 
    Perimeter = 4 * 6 = 24 units
Side = 6

Perimeter of a triangle

A triangle has three sides, and the perimeter is simply the sum of the lengths of its sides.

Perimeter of Triangle = Side1 + Side2 + Side3

Example:

  • If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are 3 units, 4 units and 5 units, then what is the perimeter? 
    Perimeter = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 units
Side 1 = 3 Side 2 = 4 Side 3 = 5

Perimeter of a regular polygon

A regular polygon is a shape that has all sides and angles equal. For such a polygon, the perimeter can be calculated by multiplying the length of one side by the total number of sides.

Perimeter of Regular Polygon = Number of Sides * Length of One Side

Take the example of a regular pentagon (5 sides), where each side is 7 units long:

  • The perimeter will be: 
    Perimeter = 5 * 7 = 35 units
Side = 7

Why learn about perimeter?

Understanding perimeter is useful in many everyday situations. For example, if you want to build a fence around a garden, knowing the perimeter helps determine how much fencing material you will need. It also helps determine the amount of material needed for baseboard molding in a room or the amount of ribbon needed to go around a cake.

Perimeter navigation is also essential in designing layouts, and space planning in engineering and daily living activities.

Activities to practice perimeter

Here are some activities you can do to practice calculating perimeter:

  • Take a measuring tape around your classroom or home. Measure each side of different objects, such as tables, books, or rooms, and find the perimeter.
  • Make different shapes using thread. Find the perimeter of different shapes made by measuring the length of the thread.
  • Draw the shapes on graph paper and write down the length of each side. Add them together to find the perimeter.

Conclusion

Learning about perimeter gives you the ability to understand and describe the properties of shapes in a more tangible way. Whether you come across it in class, while playing with toys, or on the playground, accurately calculating perimeter allows you to interact with your environment in a more informed way.


Grade 4 → 7.1.3


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Perimeter

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