Grade 4
  1. Numbers and Place Value  1.1. Understanding Place Value  1.2. Reading and Writing Large Numbers  1.3. Comparing and Ordering Numbers  1.4. Rounding Numbers  1.5. Understanding Odd and Even Numbers  1.6. Number Patterns and Sequences
  2. Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Addition of Large Numbers  2.2. Subtraction of Large Numbers  2.3. Estimation in Addition and Subtraction  2.4. Word Problems on Addition and Subtraction
  3. Multiplication and Division  3.1. Understanding Multiplication  3.2. Multiplying Multi-Digit Numbers  3.3. Understanding Division  3.4. Dividing Multi-Digit Numbers  3.5. Multiplication and Division Facts  3.6. Word Problems on Multiplication and Division
  4. Factors and Multiples  4.1. Understanding Factors  4.2. Finding Common Factors  4.3. Understanding Multiples  4.4. Finding Common Multiples  4.5. Prime and Composite Numbers  4.6. Prime Factorization  4.7. Greatest Common Factor  4.8. Least Common Multiple
  5. Fractions  5.1. Understanding Fractions  5.2. Equivalent Fractions  5.3. Simplifying Fractions  5.4. Comparing and Ordering Fractions  5.5. Addition of Fractions  5.6. Subtraction of Fractions  5.7. Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions  5.8. Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions  5.9. Word Problems on Fractions
  6. Decimals  6.1. Understanding Decimals  6.2. Reading and Writing Decimals  6.3. Comparing and Ordering Decimals  6.4. Rounding Decimals  6.5. Addition of Decimals  6.6. Subtraction of Decimals  6.7. Converting Decimals to Fractions  6.8. Converting Fractions to Decimals  6.9. Word Problems on Decimals
  7. Measurement  7.1. Length  7.1.1. Units of Length  7.1.2. Converting Units of Length  7.1.3. Perimeter  7.1.4. Area  7.1.5. Word Problems on Length  7.2. Weight  7.2.1. Units of Weight  7.2.2. Converting Units of Weight  7.2.3. Word Problems on Weight  7.3. Volume and Capacity  7.3.1. Units of Volume  7.3.2. Converting Units of Volume  7.3.3. Estimating Volume and Capacity  7.3.4. Word Problems on Volume and Capacity  7.4. Time  7.4.1. Reading Time  7.4.2. Units of Time  7.4.3. Converting Units of Time  7.4.4. Calculating Elapsed Time  7.4.5. Word Problems on Time
  8. Geometry  8.1. Properties of Shapes  8.1.1. Types of Angles  8.1.2. Types of Triangles  8.1.4. Symmetry  8.1.5. Lines of Symmetry  8.2. Perimeter and Area  8.2.1. Perimeter of Rectangles  8.2.2. Perimeter of Other Shapes  8.2.3. Area of Rectangles  8.2.4. Area of Other Shapes  8.2.5. Area of Irregular Shapes  8.3. Coordinate Geometry  8.3.1. Understanding Coordinates  8.3.2. Plotting Points on a Grid  8.3.3. Identifying Shapes on a Grid
  9. Data and Graphs  9.1. Types of Data  9.2. Organizing Data  9.3. Reading Bar Graphs  9.4. Drawing Bar Graphs  9.5. Line Plots  9.7. Reading and Interpreting Line Graphs  9.8. Word Problems on Graphs
  10. Money  10.1. Understanding Money  10.2. Addition and Subtraction with Money  10.3. Making Change  10.4. Multiplying and Dividing Money  10.5. Word Problems on Money

Grade 4 → Numbers and Place Value ↓


Rounding Numbers


Rounding numbers is a fundamental concept in math that helps simplify numbers, making them easier to work with in our daily lives. When we round a number, we find the closest number that is simpler and sometimes more useful than the original number. In grade 4, understanding how to round numbers will help build a solid foundation for future math skills. In this guide, we will explore the concept of rounding, explain how to round numbers using place value, and provide various examples to help illustrate the concept.

Understanding place value

Before we start rounding numbers, it's important to understand what place value means. Place value is the value of a digit based on its place in a number. For example, in the number 432, each digit has a different place value:

hundreds tens unit
   4 3 2

The digit 4 is in the 'hundreds' place, which means 400; the digit 3 is in the 'tens' place, which means 30; and the digit 2 is in the 'units' place, which means 2. So 432 means the sum of 400 (4 hundreds), 30 (3 tens) and 2 (units).

Place value helps us determine which digits to focus on when rounding numbers.

Why do we round numbers?

Rounding off numbers is useful in many situations. For example:

  • Estimating costs: When shopping, rounding prices to the nearest dollar can make it easier to calculate the total cost.
  • Time management: Rounding off times to the nearest hour or minute can help plan your day.
  • Simplify data: When working with large sets of data, rounding makes the data easier to understand and work with.

Rules for rounding off numbers

When rounding a number, you need to identify which digit you are rounding to, such as the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, etc. Here are the basic rules for rounding:

  1. Identify the place value you want to round off.
  2. Look at the digit to the right of the place value you want to round off.
  3. If that digit is 5 or greater, round the target place value digit up by one.
  4. If that digit is less than 5, keep the target place value digit the same.
  5. Change all digits to the right of the target place value to zero.

Rounding to the nearest tens

Let's round the number 247 to the nearest tens:

  1. Identify the digit in the tens place: 4 in 247.
  2. Look at the digit on the right (units place): 7.
  3. Since 7 is greater than 5, we round off the tens place from 4 to 5.
  4. Change the digit in the units place to 0.

The rounded off number is 250.

up to 247 rounds 250

Another example, rounding off 243:

  1. Tens place: 4 in 243.
  2. Unit Location: 3.
  3. Since 3 is smaller than 5, we keep the tens place the same.

The rounded off number is 240.

up to 243 rounds 240

Rounding to the nearest hundred

Now, let's round off the number 763 to the nearest hundred:

  1. Identify the digit 7 in the hundreds place in 763.
  2. Look at the digit in the tens place: 6.
  3. Since 6 is greater than 5, increase the hundreds digit from 7 to 8.
  4. Change both the tens and ones place to zero.

The rounded off number is 800.

Up to 763 rounds 800

Try rounding off 724:

  1. Hundreds place: 7 out of 724.
  2. Tens place: 2.
  3. Since 2 is less than 5, the hundreds place will remain the same.

The rounded off number is 700.

Up to 724 rounds 700

Rounding whole numbers to thousands

The same rules are used to round to the nearest thousand. Let's try rounding to 5,678:

  1. Identify the digit in the thousands place: 5 in 5,678.
  2. Look at the hundreds place: 6.
  3. 6 is greater than 5, so we raise 5 to 6 and make the other digits zero.

The rounded off number is 6,000.

Up to 5,678 rounds 6,000

Another example is 5,342:

  1. Thousands place: 5 out of 5,342.
  2. Hundreds place: 3.
  3. 3 is smaller than 5, so we keep the number in the thousands place the same.

The rounded off number is 5,000.

Up to 5,342 rounds 5,000

Practical application: rounding in measurements

Imagine you are measuring a piece of wood and the measurement is 12.7 inches. Since you don't have any precision tools, you round it up to the nearest inch. Since 7 is larger than 5, you round it up to 13 inches.

If the measurement is 12.2 inches, you would round it to 12 inches because 2 is less than 5.

Text exercises for practice

Try rounding off the following numbers:

  • Round to the nearest ten: 256
  • Round to the nearest hundred: 1,348
  • Round to the nearest thousand: 6,753
  1. Look at the ones place for 256, which is 6. Since this is greater than 5, round the tens place from 5 to 6. The answer is 260.
  2. Note the tens place for 1,348, which is 4. Since it is less than 5, keep the hundreds place the same. The answer is 1,300.
  3. For 6,753, look at the hundreds place, which is 7. Since it is greater than 5, increase the thousands place by 1. The answer is 7,000.

Conclusion

Rounding numbers is a valuable skill that simplifies complex numbers and helps us make estimates in our daily lives. By understanding place value and applying simple rounding rules, anyone can round numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, or even further. Practice regularly, and soon rounding will become second nature!


Grade 4 → 1.4


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Comparing and Ordering Numbers
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Rounding Numbers

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