Grade 4
  1. Numbers and Place Value  1.1. Understanding Place Value  1.2. Reading and Writing Large Numbers  1.3. Comparing and Ordering Numbers  1.4. Rounding Numbers  1.5. Understanding Odd and Even Numbers  1.6. Number Patterns and Sequences
  2. Addition and Subtraction  2.1. Addition of Large Numbers  2.2. Subtraction of Large Numbers  2.3. Estimation in Addition and Subtraction  2.4. Word Problems on Addition and Subtraction
  3. Multiplication and Division  3.1. Understanding Multiplication  3.2. Multiplying Multi-Digit Numbers  3.3. Understanding Division  3.4. Dividing Multi-Digit Numbers  3.5. Multiplication and Division Facts  3.6. Word Problems on Multiplication and Division
  4. Factors and Multiples  4.1. Understanding Factors  4.2. Finding Common Factors  4.3. Understanding Multiples  4.4. Finding Common Multiples  4.5. Prime and Composite Numbers  4.6. Prime Factorization  4.7. Greatest Common Factor  4.8. Least Common Multiple
  5. Fractions  5.1. Understanding Fractions  5.2. Equivalent Fractions  5.3. Simplifying Fractions  5.4. Comparing and Ordering Fractions  5.5. Addition of Fractions  5.6. Subtraction of Fractions  5.7. Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions  5.8. Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions  5.9. Word Problems on Fractions
  6. Decimals  6.1. Understanding Decimals  6.2. Reading and Writing Decimals  6.3. Comparing and Ordering Decimals  6.4. Rounding Decimals  6.5. Addition of Decimals  6.6. Subtraction of Decimals  6.7. Converting Decimals to Fractions  6.8. Converting Fractions to Decimals  6.9. Word Problems on Decimals
  7. Measurement  7.1. Length  7.1.1. Units of Length  7.1.2. Converting Units of Length  7.1.3. Perimeter  7.1.4. Area  7.1.5. Word Problems on Length  7.2. Weight  7.2.1. Units of Weight  7.2.2. Converting Units of Weight  7.2.3. Word Problems on Weight  7.3. Volume and Capacity  7.3.1. Units of Volume  7.3.2. Converting Units of Volume  7.3.3. Estimating Volume and Capacity  7.3.4. Word Problems on Volume and Capacity  7.4. Time  7.4.1. Reading Time  7.4.2. Units of Time  7.4.3. Converting Units of Time  7.4.4. Calculating Elapsed Time  7.4.5. Word Problems on Time
  8. Geometry  8.1. Properties of Shapes  8.1.1. Types of Angles  8.1.2. Types of Triangles  8.1.4. Symmetry  8.1.5. Lines of Symmetry  8.2. Perimeter and Area  8.2.1. Perimeter of Rectangles  8.2.2. Perimeter of Other Shapes  8.2.3. Area of Rectangles  8.2.4. Area of Other Shapes  8.2.5. Area of Irregular Shapes  8.3. Coordinate Geometry  8.3.1. Understanding Coordinates  8.3.2. Plotting Points on a Grid  8.3.3. Identifying Shapes on a Grid
  9. Data and Graphs  9.1. Types of Data  9.2. Organizing Data  9.3. Reading Bar Graphs  9.4. Drawing Bar Graphs  9.5. Line Plots  9.7. Reading and Interpreting Line Graphs  9.8. Word Problems on Graphs
  10. Money  10.1. Understanding Money  10.2. Addition and Subtraction with Money  10.3. Making Change  10.4. Multiplying and Dividing Money  10.5. Word Problems on Money

Grade 4 ↓


Fractions


Fractions are an important concept in math that represent a part of a whole. They are typically used to describe numbers that are not a whole, such as half a pizza or a quarter of a cake. In this article, we'll dive deeper into the world of fractions, exploring what they are, how to interpret them, and how to use them in everyday situations.

What is fraction?

A fraction has two parts: the numerator and the denominator. The numerator is the top number and it tells us how many parts we have. The denominator is the bottom number and it tells us how many equal parts the whole is divided into.

For example, the fraction 3/4 has a numerator of 3 and a denominator of 4 This fraction represents three of four equal parts of a whole.

    A part of the whole:
    ,
    ,
    ,
      1 2 3 4

Parts of a fraction

Here's a clear division of parts of a fraction using an example:

Let's look at the fraction 5/8.

Fraction: 5 – This is the number of parts under consideration.

Denominator: 8 - This is the number of equal parts into which the whole is divided.

Types of fractions

Fractions can be classified into several types depending on their properties:

1. Proper fraction

A proper fraction is one in which the numerator is smaller than the denominator. It represents a part of a whole.

Example: 3/5, 2/7

2. Improper fractions

An improper fraction is one in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator. It represents a number greater than or equal to one.

Example: 7/4, 9/8

3. Mixed numbers

Mixed numbers are made up of a whole number and a fraction. They represent more than one value and are derived from improper fractions.

Example: 2 3/4 is a mixed number of 2 and the fraction 3/4.

Visualization of fractions

Looking at fractions can help us understand this concept better. Let's use some examples to see what fractions look like:

    Whole (1) Half (1/2) Quarter (1/4)
    ,
    ,
    ,    
    one third (1/3) two thirds (2/3)
    ,
    ,
    ,

In the examples above, each fraction represents a different fraction of the same whole. By shading the parts, we can see how much of the whole the fraction represents.

Equivalent fractions

Equivalent fractions are fractions that show the same amount or value. You can find equivalent fractions by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same number.

For example, the fractions 1/2, 2/4, and 3/6 are equivalent because they all represent the same quantity.

    1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6

Comparing fractions

Sometimes, we need to compare fractions to determine which fraction is larger. One way is to change the fractions to a common denominator.

Consider the fractions 3/4 and 2/3. To compare them, convert both to the same denominator:

1. Find a common denominator: 12 works for both.

2. Convert 3/4 to the denominator of 12: 9/12

3. Convert 2/3 to the denominator of 12: 8/12

Since 9/12 is greater than 8/12, therefore 3/4 is greater than 2/3.

Adding and subtracting fractions

Adding fractions

To add fractions, follow these steps:

1. Make sure the fractions have the same denominator.

2. Add the fractions.

3. Keep everything the same.

Example: 1/4 + 1/4 = 2/4 or simplified to 1/2.

Subtracting fractions

Use the same process to subtract fractions:

1. Make sure the fractions have the same denominator.

2. Subtract the fractions.

3. Keep everything the same.

Example: 3/8 - 1/8 = 2/8 or simplified 1/4.

Multiplying and dividing fractions

Multiplication of fractions

To multiply fractions, do the following:

1. Multiply the fractions.

2. Multiply the denominators.

3. Simplify if necessary.

Example: 2/3 × 3/4 = 6/12 or simplified 1/2.

Division of fractions

Use this method to divide fractions:

1. Invert (flip) the second fraction.

Multiply the fractions.

3. Simplify if necessary.

Example: 2/3 ÷ 3/4 = 2/3 × 4/3 = 8/9.

Practical uses of fractions

Fractions are not only useful in math, but also important in everyday life. Here are some scenarios:

Cooking

Recipes often call for fractional measurements. For example, you may need 1/2 cup of sugar or 3/4 teaspoon of salt.

Wealth

We often use fractions when dealing with money. For example, if you spend one-fourth of your allowance on toys, you can better understand your budget and savings.

Stiching

When making clothing, fractions are used to measure and cut fabric. If a piece requires 3/8 yard of fabric, it is important to know how much fabric you need.

Conclusion

Understanding fractions is a basic skill that helps us interpret parts of a whole in various aspects of life and mathematics. With practice, it becomes easier to learn and use fractions effectively.


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Fractions

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